Micro Processor basics

What is Micro-Processor?

Computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU) built on a single Integrated Circuit (IC) is called a microprocessor.

As like Mind in our body where mind is a micro-processor….

It is a programmable, multipurpose, clock -driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions and provides results as output.

Block diagram

Evolution of Micro-processor:

Generation	Bit	Year of Introduction	Example
1st	4	1971-1972	Intel 4004
2nd	8	1973	Intel 8088
3rd	16	1978	Intel 8086, Zilog Z800 and 80286
4th	32	-	Intel 80386
5th	64	1995	Pentium Pro, Dual, Quad, Octa core

Basic Terminology:

Working of Micro-Processor:

Initially, the instructions are stored in the storage memory of the computer in sequential order. The microprocessor fetches those instructions from the stored area (memory), then decodes it and executes those instructions till STOP instruction is met. Then, it sends the result in binary form to the output port. Between these processes, the register stores the temporary data and ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) performs the computing functions.

Features:

Low Cost, High speed, Small size, Versatile, Low Power consumption, Less heat generation, reliable, Portable.